An Archaeological Look at Ceramic Pots

One of the indicators of early civilization is pottery.Ceramic technology didn't change much until the
With people settling down in one centralized area andcreation of the wheel in Mesopotamia around 6000
importing food from outlying farms, storage became aBP. The wheel allowed people to stop dragging things
necessity. Woven containers of grass and reeds werearound, stop relying on pushing rafts on rolling logs, and
most likely the first crafted vessels for dry goods,to carry heavier loads. War chariots were invented,
while the preserved stomaches of large grazingbut potters found a much more peaceful use for the
animals is good for liquid storage, but those all wearapplication of the wheel.
out very quickly. The practice of shaping mud withThe very first potter's wheels were not much more
other materials and letting it harden in the sun to createthan half a wheelshaft stuck upright in a stone base.
building materials is a practice that helped keepThese wheels would have had to have been turned
humans out of the weather back in the stone age. Aby hand. They were not the kick wheels which would
similar practice is still currently used by wasps, beavershave been invented in later centuries. The process by
and other such creatures. It's entirely possible that wewhich pots were made using these wheels can only
learned it from them.be described as "fast coiling", as opposed to
The invention of heating the dried clay to extremely"throwing".
high temperatures surely came about by accidentallyIn the centuries to follow, pottery wheels do not
dropping clay in some very hot fire, and thenundergo any huge changes. The Egyptians come up
discovering its properties changed after it cooled.with pottery wheels that can be turned with the foot,
Afterwards, discovering all the uses of a substancebut the materials available do not lend themselves to a
that is easy to shape, which then fires to a stone-likefree-spinning thrower's wheel as we know them
substance surely came quickly.today. There was too much friction involved, and they
The creation of pots or other ceramic vessels wouldwould slow down far too quickly.
have happened soon after ceramics came about.In 16th century, Italy, we have records of bench high
They are just too useful to be ignored. Early potspotters wheels with heavy kickwheels at the base. In
clearly had their creation at least partially to thank fromthe 19th century, with the industrial revolution, we have
the early grass and reed baskets, as evidenced by thelow friction pottery wheels in nearly the same design
coiled process by which they were made.that would spin very fast. This was the true time for
Early pots, as old as 14,000 before the present (BP)pot throwing!
were created by coiling clay in a circular patternThe technique involved kicking the wheel to a fast
around and around, pressed together and shaped withspeed, then throwing the clay and shaping it. When the
the fingers. The potters would have turned the vesselwheel slowed down, you would stop shaping the clay
itself at the base, in order to try to get the vesseland kick the wheel up again, and then resume shaping
shaped correctly. The narrow base, common amongthe clay in a cyclical action. This wheel is silent, fast,
pots made in this fashion, makes the pot much easierand heavy.
to turn during the creation process.There are many people today who prefer this type of
Soon, the creation of the pots was evolved to a pointpotter's wheel to the new, electric ones that do not
where they were placed on a plate or in a bowl, andneed to be kicked, and run at a variable speed
built up from there, still using the clay coiling technique.controlled with a dial. However, with new technology
The plate or bowl allowed the maker to turn the potcomes new techniques to explore. The new, constant
much more easily! Pots were smoothed out during thespeed potter's wheels are still very new. The
creation process either with the fingers, or using a ribtechniques not as old as civilization as we know it!
or other bone. Pots are still crafted this way today inThere are new refinements to be made, still.
remote areas of Africa and Indo-China.