| Egyptian Dynasties 13-20 | | | | is it he does not know Joseph, given Joseph's service |
| The rulers from dynasties 13 through 17 are | | | | to the nation of Egypt? It is because Joseph served |
| contemporaries of one another to a large extent but | | | | the Hyksos kings and Ahmose is the king responsible |
| one very significant event occurs during this time. The | | | | for ending the long reign of the invaders from Palestine, |
| Hyksos rulers arise at the end of the 17th Dynasty and | | | | the Hyksos kings. Ahmose knows exactly who |
| rule for 94 years. The Hyksos rulers are invaders from | | | | Joseph was; Joseph was a respected leader in the |
| Canaan that capture Egypt. Their most noteworthy | | | | regime of his enemy. This is why Ahmose treated the |
| cultural contribution is the domestication of horses. It | | | | Hebrews so harshly. Therefore the Exodus is a good |
| was the horse and its use in battle that was probably | | | | anchor point for the reign of Ramesses III in the 20th |
| responsible for their rise to power in Egypt. | | | | Dynasty and the death of Joseph is a good anchor |
| Pharoah Ahmose, the first king of 18th dynasty drives | | | | point for the beginning of the 18th Dynasty. This being |
| out the Hyksos rulers and brings the control of Egypt | | | | the case this portion of the Conventional Egyptian |
| back to the Egyptian natives. | | | | Chronology, the 18th through the 20th dynasties, should |
| Dynasties 19 and 20 introduce us to Ramesses Kings | | | | be shifted earlier by 124 years. Egyptian Dynasties |
| I-XI. These kings are the kings of the Hebrew | | | | 18-20 are shown below using the adjusted timeline |
| enslavement in Egypt. | | | | based on the Fourth Day Chronology of the Bible. |
| There are two events in the Old Testament that | | | | Significant characters from the Bible are referenced |
| serve as anchor points for this part of the Egyptian | | | | with the timeline so that archaeologists and historians |
| timeline, the death of Joseph and the Exodus of the | | | | may look for evidence of these Biblical characters |
| Hebrews from Egypt. Let's take a look at the Exodus | | | | during the life of their contemporary Egyptian king. All |
| first. Conventional Chronology suggests that | | | | dates are given in astronomical years B.C. |
| Ramesses II is the pharaoh of the Hebrew Exodus. I | | | | Egyptian Dynasties 21-26 |
| believe the Hebrew Exodus has to occur after | | | | This period of time is best understood when we start |
| Ramesses II because of the presence of the Philistine | | | | from Dynasty 26 and then move backwards in time to |
| people in the history of the Hebrews. If the Exodus | | | | Dynasty 21. Dynasty 26 is easily dated since the next |
| occurs during the reign of Ramesses II then the army | | | | to last king of this dynasty, Amasis II, dies in the same |
| of Ramesses III would not be strong enough to repel | | | | year that Cambyses of the Persian Empire invaded |
| the Sea Peoples (a group that historians believe | | | | Egypt. According to the Fourth Day Chronology |
| included the Philistines). | | | | Cambyses conquered Egypt in 345 B.C., therefore this |
| Why? The entire army of the pharaoh of the Exodus | | | | period on the Conventional Egyptian Chronology |
| is drowned in the Red Sea (Exodus 14:15-18): "And the | | | | timeline should be shifted later by 181 years. Now let's |
| LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto | | | | shift the entire timeline from Dynasties 21-26 by 181 |
| me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they may | | | | years and make some observations. |
| go forward: But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out | | | | Let's consider Shoshenk I of the 22nd Dynasty, the |
| thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children | | | | presumed Shishak of the Old Testament. According to |
| of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of | | | | the Literal Biblical Chronology Shishak conquered |
| the sea. And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the | | | | Rehoboam in the 5th year of Rehoboam's reign or |
| Egyptians, and they follow them: and I will get me | | | | 780 B.C. When the Conventional Egyptian Chronology |
| honor upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his | | | | is adjusted by 181 years forward in time the reign of |
| chariots, and upon his horseman". There are historical | | | | Shoshenk I is 764-743 B.C. While not completely in |
| records that in his eighth year Ramesses III kept the | | | | agreement with the Fourth Day Chronology this result |
| Sea Peoples from conquering Egypt and so the Sea | | | | is very close. Small errors in the length of the reigns of |
| Peoples resolved themselves to settle in Canaan. | | | | the kings from the 22nd to the 26th dynasty in the |
| Let's assume that the Hebrew Exodus happened in | | | | Conventional Egyptian Chronology could account for |
| the eighth year of Ramesses III after the Sea Peoples | | | | this disparity in the results. |
| have been defeated. If the crossing of the Red Sea | | | | Therefore using the events of Cambyses's invasion of |
| occurs in 1301 B.C. (according to the Fourth Day | | | | Egypt and Shishak's invasion of Israel the adjusted |
| Chronology) then Joseph's death would have occurred | | | | Egyptian Chronology for dynasties 21-26 is presented |
| 1659 B.C. during the reign of Ahmose in the 18th | | | | below. Notice that Egypt is split between the Tanite |
| Dynasty. Recall what the book of Joshua says about | | | | (city of Tanus) and Theban (city of Thebes) kingdoms |
| the death of Joseph (Exodus 1:6-8): "And Joseph died, | | | | in the 21st dynasty. Also notice that the 23rd dynasty |
| and all his brethren, and all that generation. And the | | | | overlaps the 22nd dynasty and the 24th, 25th and |
| people of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, | | | | 26th dynasties overlap with each other to some |
| and multiplied, and waxed exceedingly mighty; and the | | | | extent. The reigns of the kings of Judah are provided |
| land was filled with them. Now there arose up a new | | | | below to relate their reigns to the reigns of their |
| king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph." | | | | respective contemporary Egyptian ruler. |
| If the king mentioned in these verses is Ahmose, how | | | | |