| Title: Empires of Trust | | | | economics. U.S. is also after the fall of the Berlin Wall |
| How Rome built -And America Is building- a New | | | | and especially 9/11 event could become more United |
| World | | | | and powerful. |
| Author: Thomas F. Madden | | | | The threat of terrorism: |
| Publisher: Dutton edition | | | | Terrorism is caused by the American foreign policy, |
| Year: 2008 | | | | when for over 7years America has been occupying |
| Pages: 336 | | | | the Muslim sacred lands, humiliating it's people, |
| ABOUT THE BOOK | | | | plundering its reaches and terrorizing it's neighbors. So |
| INTRODUCTION: | | | | Talban and Al-Qaeda have blamed such American |
| This book explores the similarities and differences | | | | policy and began to fight U.S. During Roman Empire, |
| between the ancient Roman Republic and United | | | | Jews terrorists targeted them, and their basic aim was |
| States of America. | | | | to make Roman Empire go out of their sacred lands |
| It mentions that Rome was actually not a ruthless | | | | and could spread their religion to the whole World, But |
| empire of conquest built by conquering legions and vain | | | | Roman Empire's responsibility to secure all allies doesn't |
| Caesars but an agrarian -based republic with an | | | | allow her to make Jews free in their decisions. so it |
| isolationist desire to be left alone by the outside world. | | | | wanted from Jews to adapt themselves with Roman |
| Both states built the rarest from of empire, an empire | | | | Empire's laws, like U.S. today that has said Islam should |
| of trust. This empire made up of free states bound | | | | interpret it's holly law within a modern, rather than a |
| together into alliances, was based on the wide-spread | | | | medieval context. And because of this, American's |
| trust that the allies had in responsible use of military | | | | hope is to win over this war Finally and believes that |
| force by the dominate power. | | | | Islam will no longer contains the elements to support it. |
| Both Rome and U.S. were distrustful of concentrated | | | | Today most of the Americans are optimistic about the |
| power in the world, so, they built an empire on security | | | | future, they know that this road is not an easy path. |
| and trustworthy which their people inside or outside of | | | | They believe that, there will always be challenges, |
| the sphere of their influence, trusted them. And this is | | | | more wars, more bloodshed and more disunity, so far |
| why many nations today feel they don't need to build | | | | they have achieved their goal such as security for |
| up any armed forces, because they trust U.S. to | | | | themselves, their allies and its horizon. |
| protect them from enemies. | | | | At last Madden says that we may not be able to see |
| CHAPTER REVIEWS | | | | the end of the road for America but it's direction |
| First chapters (1-7) | | | | seems clear enough to follow Roman's path with |
| Madden lay out 3 types of empires: | | | | taking lessons of it's failures and wrong doings. |
| 1)empires of conquest | | | | STRENGTHS AND INTERESTING POINTS |
| 2)empires of commerce | | | | 1) While Madden is an academic history writer, he has |
| 3)empires of trust | | | | tried to make ancient history relevant to the political |
| In the first empires, military power rules over and | | | | events and not only does he scribe the ancient past |
| control the world like Mongols/Persians and Turks. | | | | but makes it immediately useful for understanding |
| Empires of commerce are interested only in securing | | | | turbulent present. |
| enough of a political foothold rather than political control | | | | 2) Unlike popular myth and wrong attitude to the |
| or tribute.Example are British and Dutch empire. These | | | | Roman and U.S. empire, Madden has argued that both |
| empires intended to carry on their commerce by | | | | Rome and U.S. possessed and possesses an "empire |
| enforcing enough stability in the surrounding area. | | | | of trust " which has built on security and protection not |
| But book focus is on empires of trust as Madden in | | | | conquest. Rome was not a society bent on spreading |
| page(5) explains that:"many people have an image of | | | | its influence as far as it could through military service, in |
| the Romans as brutal conquers which does not reflect | | | | fact like the United states, it was an isolationist culture |
| the actual dynamics at all". But it was actually that | | | | that preferred alliances to the use of force and was |
| "rejection" that made the Romans seem trustworthy | | | | pushed reluctantly into empire building by the desire to |
| to others that formed the basis of their empire of trust. | | | | defend itself and its friends. |
| The Madden in other first few chapters talks about | | | | 3) This book doesn't want to convince that the U.S. |
| Roman culture and history which led it to become a | | | | empire is a good thing or that is fundamentally |
| world power. The cultural values that he mentions are: | | | | peace-seeking (because it isn't always ) but rather to |
| household as the essential social building block, and | | | | get you think seriously about world affairs and not to |
| ideal of small farmer citizen-statesman, emphasis on | | | | fall into shallow intellectual ruts. |
| martial skill and duty, distrustful of kingship and absolute | | | | 4) As some authors such as (Joseph J. Ellis, Pulitzer |
| rule and the desire to expand the horizon in order to | | | | prize winning author of "Founding brothers" and Nail |
| make it safe towards invasion. | | | | Ferguson author of the "Ascent of money " and |
| Rome in 390 BC was the greatest military power in | | | | Professor of History at Harvard university ) mentions," |
| central Italy. when "Gaulic" invasion threatened Rome, | | | | this book is a new approach to America and it's |
| she decided to form tight alliances with neighbor states | | | | similarity to the Rome empire Which cause to |
| and so "The Latin League of city states " was built | | | | appreciate what we (American) really are because it |
| which provided all alliances security towards | | | | asks us to contemplate the invisible and often |
| enemies.This Latin league fielded a strong joint military | | | | unconscious dynamic that transforms some nations |
| force, but because of the Rome's power on | | | | into empires, often against their will, he doesn't want to |
| confederation, some allies rebelled. | | | | say we are Rome but he explains how American |
| After civil war in 340 BC and Rome's victory, the | | | | constitution and military service was influenced by |
| "Latin league" re-accepted them as allies with | | | | Roman service" |
| independent local government, thus Rome could | | | | 5) Madden actually shows that Roman Republic uphold |
| develop her unity whereas different levels of | | | | high moral standards in dealing with defeated enemies |
| independence was given to allies governing in states: | | | | and brought stability and the rule of law. Both Rome |
| "The closest Latin towns would receive Roman | | | | and America ended up the role of policemen in the |
| citizenship with full voting rights and the right to run for | | | | world and they become global authorities that other |
| roman offices, Although they maintained local state | | | | powers trusted and looked to for guidance. |
| governments, the big decisions for the region were | | | | 6) Madden doesn't say that U.s empire will be last |
| mad in Rome. "Others, particularly non-Latin allies, were | | | | forever, but he believers all empires will pass away but |
| given citizenship without voting rights. The lowest rung | | | | the point is if they could last as long as the Romans, |
| were "equal allies " who were not citizens, but could do | | | | then so be it. |
| business with Romans, approval."(p 75) | | | | MY CRITICISM |
| This alliance can be close o the united states in 20th | | | | I think whereas there are some events that repeat in |
| and 21th century and recent events. for example in | | | | historical process but even they have lots of similarities |
| 1990, Iraq invades Kuwait which was a minor | | | | through different eras, we can not definitely say, they |
| American ally, so The U.S. leads a large coalition in | | | | are the same. (The author hasn't say so of course ) |
| liberating Kuwait.The U.S. invades both Afghanistan (to | | | | but when he believes that Islam should be more |
| prevent al-Qaida terrorism) and Iraq and attempts to | | | | moderate and adapt it self with the United States' aim |
| turn them into independent allied | | | | to gain security for itself and allies (like Jews in Roman |
| governments.However this event, increased tensions in | | | | Empire), it should be mentioned that the context of |
| the neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan if they | | | | Islamic discourse is much different from Jewish ones. |
| had to be overthrown by an anti-U.S. faction resulting in | | | | And religious terrorism that exists today isn't related to |
| war there. | | | | Islam as a whole ideology but it is a deviation from the |
| The last chapters (8-11): | | | | essence of Islam. therefore "terrorism " is not a Islamic |
| Madden in these chapters asks this question:"Has the | | | | problem it is a new form of anomy which needs to |
| United states reached the level of power that Rome | | | | resolve in its social mechanism. However I am not pro |
| had achieved by 146 BC? Then he answers:"yes". He | | | | this book prediction about the future of peaceful U.S. |
| says today, the American Empire of Trust is still too | | | | and Islamic flexibility to join to Americans' allies |
| young to be compared with final Rise of the Roman | | | | because terrorism and ideology of islam are mutually |
| Empire but it is still superpower. And to achieve Pax | | | | exclusive. |
| (peace) it is necessary to have an extraordinary level | | | | I RECOMMEND THIS BOOK TO: |
| of power. | | | | 1)Any who is interested in history of western civilization |
| Roman Empire after the fall of the Macedonian | | | | 2)Those who likes historical comparative approaches |
| Kingdom became the great power in both military and | | | | in analyzing new events of contemporary U.S. |