British Silver - Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance and Reformation covers the yearsother foreign monarchs, ministers, advisers and
1525 - 1603. Henry VIII was king, starting in 1509. Thiscourtiers.
was a period of religious turmoil. The period continuesIn spite of this most of the knowledge about silver
through until the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603.goods from this period is taken from catalogues and
The Renaissance started in northern Italy around 1397inventories. Economic pressure, changes in fashion and
and slowly spread across Europe. The fall of thethe turmoil of the Reformation saw much of the
Byzantine empire in 1453 led to many scholarssilverware of the day destroyed and melted down for
migrating to Italy bringing with them many oldreuse.
manuscripts. An interest in these and the classicalThe purity of the metals also became debased and
architecture of ancient Greece and Rome gatheredthis led to the introduction of the Lion Passant mark
force and by the 16th century the Renaissance wasthat indicated the quality of silver to be that of 92.5%,
at its height. The influence on the design of Englishthis becoming known as the Sterling Mark.
silver cannot be distinctly separated from Gothic untilThe repoussé method of raising small and
about 1526.intricate designs on thin plate was introduced. The
The new ideas of the Renaissance led to challengessides, cover and feet of various vessels were
to the teachings and authority of the Roman Catholicembossed with fruit and foliage and medallions with
Church. The way the leaders of the Church ran itsthe heads of classical warriors were introduced.
affairs was strongly criticized. People felt the ChurchCups, bowls, mazers, two handed cups, wine cups,
needed to be reformed, hence the Reformation. Ittankards and beakers have survived and can be
began in earnest in Germany in 1517 led by Martinfound in various collections.
Luther, his followers know as Lutherans. After 1529Ewers and basins were popular during this period,
they were renamed to Protestants when theybeing placed on the table for diners to wash their
protested against attempts to limit their teachings.hands during the meal. Forks had not yet been
During the reign of Henry VIII the price of silver andintroduced in England and eating was a messy affair.
gold fell. European mines were producing in greaterSpoons from this period had a flatter and wider stem.
quantities than previously and gold from SpanishSalts can be found and were popular items.
America was available.Many items from this period are highly decorated with
A large amount of silver and gold work wasengravings and embossing, with cast figures added for
commissioned during this period, much of it for gifts todecoration.