El Greco - A Post-Byzantine, High Renaissance, Mannerist Wave of Creativity

El Greco, real name Domenikos Theotokopolous, is1567, 'The Dormition of the Virgin,' displayed a touch of
recognized as one of the most innovative artists in theMannerism blended with the Byzantine elements. In
art history. He was born in Candia, Crete (then a part1570, he travelled to Rome and set up a workshop
of Venice (Italy) & now in Greece), in 1541, in athere. The same year, he made a portrait of his friend
well to do Greek orthodox family. It was rumored thatand the great Italian Miniaturist Giorgio Giulio Clovio
Domenikos converted to Catholicism sometime after(1498-1578), which established his talents as an
he travelled to Europe at the age of twenty-six. Veryextraordinary portraitist. Giulio Clovio even once
little is known about his family except that his fatherdescribed the painter as 'a rare talent in painting.'
Georgios Theotokopoulos was a merchant and taxGreco finally settled in Toledo, Spain, in 1577. Here he
collector and he had an elder brother Manoussosreceived his very first commission for the Church of
Theotokopoulos. The artist acquired the nicknameSan Domingo el Antiguo at Toledo. During 1977-79, he
Greco (the Greek) during his stay in Italy, as themade nine paintings for them, including 'The Assumption
citizens there found it difficult to pronounce his name.of a Virgin' (1577-79) and 'Trinity' (1579). El Greco lived
Later, when he moved to Spain his name was finalizedwith his Spanish female companion Jeronima de Las
as El Greco. HisCuevas. She was also the mother to his only son
El Greco's talents ranged from painting, sculpting,Jorge Manuel Theotocopuli (1578-1631). Greco and
& engraving to architecture. His initial learningJeronima never married, as it was believed that the
started as an icon painter at the Cretan School. Heartist had an estranged wife in Italy.
studied Greek & Latin literatures, and got wellGreco's son became one of his few followers. The
versed in the Post-Byzantine Art. By 1563, he hadartist even had a brief stint at the Spanish Court,
achieved mastery in his field. Around 1567, he went towhere he painted the 'Allegory of the Holy League'
live in Venice, Italy. Here he furthered his artistic skills(1578-79), and 'Martyrdom of St Maurice' (1580-1582).
under the great masters of High Renaissance, likeUnfortunately, King Phillip did not approve of the artist's
Titian (1490-1576) and Tintoretto (1518-94).flamboyant style & anti naturalist approach and
Theotokopolous' prominent work that finished beforesoon he was replaced.