French-Roman Classicist Painter - Nicolas Poussin

French 'Classicist' painter, Nicolas Poussin was born onof Germanicus (1627)" and "Martyrdom of St. Erasmus
June 15, 1594, near Les Andelys in Normandy to a(1630)." In 1630, he married Dughet's daughter, Anna
soldier father and a peasant mother. Despite a modestMaria.
family background, Nicolas managed to get someRome gave Poussin many opportunities to explore
basic education in Latin. He discovered his artisticvaried artistic styles. He learnt from the Roman art and
inclinations at a very young age. Some of the Poussin'sarchitecture, and gleaned invaluable knowledge on art,
works caught the attention of Quentin Varin, a localwhile literary, antique writings as well impressing him.
painter of altarpieces. Varin coached Poussin, whoEventually, Poussin developed a strong passion for
slyly slipped out to Paris at the age of eighteen. Here,'Classicism' here. He learnt about spatial constructions,
with the help of an aristocrat, he was trained underorganization, and scientific techniques for measuring
Flemish painters, Ferdinand Elle and Georgesstatues. He consulted bas-reliefs, and spent time
Lallemand. The training in his formative years,studying the nuances of painted vases, sarcophagi,
nevertheless, failed to build a strong artistic foundationand mosaics. The distinguishing element of Poussin's
for Poussin.art is the marriage of 'Italian' and 'French' styles. His
In this period, the art scene in France was evolving,French heritage is evidenced by the meticulous
marked with great confusion. During this phase, theattention to figures and forms, with non-independent
engravings by the legendary Italian artists, Marcstatus being conferred on the concept of space.
Antonio, Guilio Romano, Leonardo da Vinci, Titan, andPoussin spent most of his life in Rome, working for his
Raphael tremendously influenced Poussin, helpingFrench and Italian patrons. During his stay in Paris from
shape his artistic faculty. After his forced return to1641 to 1643, the artist was honored with the 'First
Paris, the painter chanced upon Giambattista Marino, aPainter in Ordinary,' a title bestowed upon by Louis XIII.
court poet. The artist illustrated for Marino's 'Adone'His most celebrated works include "The Plague of the
poems and for an edition of "Ovid's Metamorphoses."Philistines (1630, Louvre)," "The Rape of the Sabines
Nicolas also painted a version of "Death of the Virgin(1634-35)," "Herbrews gathering Manna (1639)," "The
(1623)," on the directives of the archbishop ofTestament of Eudamidas (1643-4)," "Moses rescued
Notre-Dame de Paris.from the Waters (1647)," "The Blind Men of Jericho
In the year 1624, Poussin and Marino reached Rome.(1650)," "The Adultress (1653)," and the double series of
Fate dealt a cruel blow, however, and Marino died"Seven Sacraments." His painting, "Four Seasons
within a few months. Lonely Poussin's health suddenly(1664-65)," is the last recognized work of Poussin. The
deteriorated. A fellow compatriot, Dughet, a cook,artist died on November 19, 1665 in Rome, leaving
however, helped him with food and shelter. Thebehind a rich artistic heritage, benefitting both, the Italian
painter's benefactor, Cardinal Francesco Barberini,and French schools of art. He is commemorated as
returned to Rome from Spain, in 1626, and supportedone of the few distinguished painters, who were
Nicolas' art. The most remarkable worksrespected and admired by the Impressionists and the
commissioned to Poussin during this time were "DeathCubists, alike.