History of Locksmithing and Locks

Locks and keys were known long before the birth ofwere elaborate designs, such as birds and flowers.
Christ. They are mentioned frequently in the OldThey were also invented the ward locks, which with
Testament and in mythology. In the Book of Nehemiah,modifications are still very much in use. Wards are
chapter 3, it is stated that when repairing the old gatesprojections around the keyhole, which prevented the
of the City of Jerusalem - probably in 445 B.C. - theylock from being turn without the proper key. The
"set up the doors thereof, and the locks thereof, androman also fashion miniature keys that could be worn
the bars thereof." They were large and crude inas rings. But ward lock were relatively easy to pick.
design; yet their principle of operation was theMillions of locks were needed to keep this vast and
forerunner of the modern pin-tumbler locks of today.growing mountain of property secure and intact. The
At this time, locks were made of wood.locksmith sets about designing locks whose cost and
The oldest example of a mechanically lock was foundstrength linked to the value of what they were
among the ruins of the palace of Khorasabad inprotecting. They were kept on their toes by thieves
Niveveh. This lock has come to be known as anand burglars.
Egyptian door lock, because of it's widespread use inIn the 14th century, the locksmith's guilds became
Egypt. It utilized a crossbar set into two surfaceprominent. In order to be accepted as master
mounts that was completely enclosed save for alocksmith, one had to create and submit a working lock
small opening for the key. Moveable pins wereand key to the guild. As the guild gained control over
dropped by gravity into cavities on the crossbar andlocksmiths, including regulating techniques and prices,
locked the door. As the key was inserted into the lockcorruption increased. The result was locks were made
it would move hidden pins out of the way and allowto be displayed in the guild hall and not for installation
the crossbar to be removed. This is considered to bepurposes. Consequently, some beautiful locks and
the forerunner of the modern pin tumbler style of lockkeys came into existence with no technological or
that we use today.security advances.
The Greeks used a lock that worked by fastening theDuring the 1940s, with the onset of the Second World
wooden bolt and staple to the inside of the door. TheWar, many locksmith specialists became a priceless
key a sickle-shaped wooden or iron key manipulatedcommodity. The locksmiths who were in business
and lift the bolt. This lock, compare to the latter oneduring this era did not have time to process the
provided little security.invention in their field but focus primarily on the war.
The Romans fabricated the first metal lock based onMany locksmiths were drafted into service while
Egyptian principles. They designed pins of variousothers continued to work as locksmiths during this era.
shapes with keys and keyholes. Many of the keys