History Of Seedless Grapes And Raisins Used In Wine Making

In centuries past, ancient man noticed that grapesto John the Baptist to abstain from eating raisins, the
hanging on vines lasted for months, and even thoughedict is implicit in acknowledging that John the Baptist
seedy, the fruit was sweet to the taste. These grapeswas a Nazirite, which was referred to by Jesus in
dried out in the sun and were called raisins. The raisinsMatthew 11:18 and Luke 5:33.
could be stored for months to be eaten at a later time,King David was given "one hundred raisin cakes and
centuries before advanced civilizations learned how to200 fig cakes." 1 Samuel 25:18, after having nothing to
preserve foods artificially by canning and freezing.eat or drink for three days and nights. David was given
Other fruit items such as palm tree dates, figs, apricot,"part of a fig cake, two clusters of raisins, and some
prune-plum, pear, and peach could be preserved bywater" 1 Samuel 30:12. After leaving Jerusalem, King
sun drying. Today, many additional products can beDavid's donkeys were loaded with one hundred
preserved by vacuum drying, such as strawberry,clusters of raisins, one hundred bunches of grapes, and
blueberry, and a host of tropical fruits, such asa small barrel of wine. At the feast for King David,
pineapple, guava, and many other fruits and berries.donkeys brought vast supplies of "fig cakes, raisins,
After many people age, a craving for dried fruit,wine" etc for the celebration. 1 Chronicles 12:40
grapes, and berries intensifies because of the highHistorically, it is recorded that the Greeks were
sugar content (sweetness), and the concentratedgrowing grapes (currants) in Corinth, and the culture of
flavor.grapes and raisins flourished with the rise of the
Basically, all ancient raisins were grown as two types:Roman Empire followed by the Medieval Age of the
the regular sized grapes were dried, large in size withCatholic church and the Crusades that renewed and
large seed, and the raisins that came from Corinth,redistributed the trade of grapes and raisins. Raisins
Greece were called currants (the word is a corruptionwere used as a reserve food on the ships of
of the word Corinth). The currants were very small butChristopher Columbus, the Nina, the Pinta, and the
grew into huge grape clusters on the grapevine, andSanta Maria, in 1492. Spanish Missions later grew
were extremely sweet with an aromatic, intensegrapes and produced raisins in the New World, most
flavor. Currants became an international, valuableimportantly in California, and were the most important
success, and were sought after, even being grown tocommercial farmers to plant and grow grapevines for
be used in trading matters like currency. The word,raisin production.
currency, derived from the word currants.Perhaps the most important improvement in raisin
The mystery remains today about which chemicals inmarketing came from the vineyard of William
grapes, other than sugar, that are responsible forThompson, who renamed the grape he imported as
preserving grapes in the form of raisins or in bottlingthe white "Thompson Seedless" grape, that was, and
the liquid aromatic wine, that improves in flavor afteris, the most significant cultivar in modern grape
being aged for many years. There is a special grapemarketing, and customer demand for a seedless raisin.
from Hungary called Tokay (Tokaji) that is left on theMany other new seedless grapes have been recently
vine to ripen into raisins. The raisins are pickled andhybridized as candidates for seedless raisin to plant
fermented into the famous Tokay wine, that must beand grow. The pleasure of eating sweet, aromatic
aged for many years as an aromatic wine known forraisins is reduced, if the person is required to spit out
its unique and intense flavor. The Tokay wine washard, bitter tasting seed, therefore, seedless raisins
named as the wine of Tsars, Kings, and Presidents .dominate the market and the fresh grape fruit market.
Catherine the Great, Tsarina of Russia, stationedRecent advances in applications of plant growth
Cossack soldiers to guard her treasured cache ofhormones assure the total seedless condition of
Tokay raisin wine. Queen Victoria of England receivedgrapes and raisins, because the seed inside the
972 bottles of Tokay wine on her birthday. King Louisembryonic grape are completely aborted by spraying
XIV of France pronounced Tokay wine as "the winethe flowers of the grapes with gibberillic acid (gibberillin)
of Kings, the King of wines." Gourmets agree thatand the grapes grow into very sweet, big and juicy,
Tokay wine should be assigned to a special namedand evolve into excellent raisins.
category, since the extra step of aging came from theNew grape varieties that are useful for raisins are:
aging of the grape to the raisin, and is bypassed inBlack Beauty seedless grape, the only black seedless
normal wine producing.grape with a taste like concord grapes.
It is difficult to trace the absolute first appearance ofFlame seedless grape, the second most popular
raisin culture in ancient history, but it is known thatseedless grape, compared to Thompson's seedless,
raisins were written about in the ancient Scriptures ofdeep red in color, round with a pleasant crunch and a
the Hebrew Bible. Raisins were actually written aboutsweet-tart taste balance.
in the Bible as a forbidden fruit, that was prohibitedTokay seedless grape, also called Tokay flame
from the diets of a religious cult called the Nazirites.seedless, sweeter version of Flame seedless,
Members of the cult were Nazirites, such as Aaron,orange-red with a crisp texture.
brother of Moses, and all his priestly descendants;Perlette seedless grape, the frosty-white bloom is atop
Samson, the Judge; John the Baptist of the Newa crisp green skin, the hardiest seedless grape that
Testament, and members of another religious cult, theripens earlier than other varieties.
Rechabites. Numbers 6:14 reads that the NaziritesRuby Seedless grape, deep red skin, juicy and oval
were forbidden to taste fresh wine, "grape juice orshaped.
raisins." These Nazirites were not allowed to eatThompson's seedless grape, white, crisp, juicy and
anything from the grapevine, even forbidding the eatingsweet.
of grape skins and grape seeds, and were not evenOther seedless grapes are Autumn Royal seedless
permitted to grow grape vines or to own vineyards.grape, Canadice Seedless grape, Concord seedless
Judges 13:13 prohibited the mother of Samson fromgrape, Crimson seedless grape, Princess seedless
allowing her son to eat "raisins or drink any wine."grape, and Summer Royal seedless grape.
Even though the Scriptures make no direct prohibition