Monotheism's Brief Reign in Ancient Egypt

He was called the "Heretic King." The Pharaohon the celebration of life rather than death. Frescoes
Akhenaten was very likely one of the very first rulersand stone wall reliefs were common forms of art in
to to institute a religion based on monotheism. Duringancient Egypt. They were decorated with hieroglyphics
his co-regency with his father Amenhotep III, heand paintings and often used to commemorate an
maintained the cultic rituals and polytheist practices ofhistoric event. They were crafted both for artistic and
the Egyptian faith. After his politically advantageousreligious reasons.
marriage to Queen Nefertiti, his views towards religionLittle of the Pharaoh's 17-year reign remains. The
changed and he began to worship the sun disk godEgyptian priesthood sought to eliminate any evidence
Aten to the exclusion of the Egyptian pantheon. It wasof the 'heretic Pharaohs' monotheistic legacy. Very
then that he renounced his ruling name, Amenhotep,few artifacts from the period still remain intact. An
taking the moniker Akhenaten which translates to "HeEgyptian wall relief depicting a playful, quiet moment of
Who Serves Aten." Nefertiti also changed her name tothis royal Egyptian family is housed in the Altes
Nefer-Nefru-Aten, or "Beautiful is the Beauty of Aten."Museum in Berlin. The artifact is significant because it
The priests of Thebes were furious with the pharaoh'sdemonstrates a shift in artistic style from traditional
heresy, prompting Akhenaten to set up a new court'staged' poses to a more naturalistic scene.
on the east bank of the Nile near what is nowHieroglyphics within the wall relief suggest that the
Amarna. The king's power could not be questionedchange in style was at Akhenaton's direction. He is
even though his monotheistic views were not wellseen kissing one of his daughters. Queen Nefertiti sits
received by the people. This did not stop the Egyptiansacross from the Pharaoh, a second daughter playing
from following Akhenaten and nearly 20,000 madewith the Queen's earring. Not all elements of traditional
their home in Akhenaten el-Armana, a tremendousEgyptian art were abandoned. The children are
urban city filled with brilliant art and architecture.depicted as much smaller than the King and Queen
Akhenaten's faith in the sun disk god also broughteven though they were full grown at the time. This is
about changes in Egyptian art. For the first time,symbolic of their lesser stature to the King and Queen.
Egyptian artists were inspired to create art centered