Notes on the Development of Stained Glass

Stained glass has a long history. It started out in theheavily painted, and lead lines were camouflaged.
homes of wealthy Roman people, its popularity soaredArtists were patronized by the wealthy, and stained
with Gothic churches, it fell into disrepute during theglass began to be seen in more private homes and
Reformation, and now it has resurfaced in our homespublic buildings.
and businesses, in addition to our churches. Now it is aDuring the Reformation of the 16th century, there was
rewarding and affordable hobby for peoplewidespread destruction of stained glass windows,
everywhere.because religious imagery was not tolerated. For about
Before recorded history, people discovered that they200 years, stained glass was not popular.
could add metallic salts and oxides to glass and thatIn England, in the 19th century, there was a revival of
would make colors; gold made a cranberry color,interest in Gothic church design, and stained glass
cobalt made blue, silver made yellow and golds, andwindows with it. Gothic Revival churches of the
copper made greens. It seems that wealthy RomansAnglican and Episcopalian churches in America
in their villas and palaces in Pompeii and Herculaneumrequired stained glass windows, and this led to their
were using stained glass in the first century AD. It wasdevelopment in America.
when Christians were beginning to build churches,John LaFarge was an American painter who, in 1879,
based on Byzantine ones, in 313 AD that stained glassdeveloped and copyrightedopalescent glass; and
began to be considered as an art form. The earliestanother American painter, Louis Comfort Tiffany made
surviving piece of a stained glass picture was a "Headit popular. Opalescent glass was semi opaque with a
of Christ" from the 10th century. The popularity andmilky opalescent effect and was usually a mixture of
growth of stained glass were very much tied in withcolors with streaks and swirls. Tiffany worked with the
the popularity and growth of churches.Art Nouveau style and created magnificent pieces.
In the Romanesque period, stained glass wasTiffany used the new technology of thin strips of
influenced by the Byzantine style developed by Arabs.copper as a substitute for lead and adapted this in
The windows on these churches were relatively smallorder to construct lampshades. The opalescent glass
and used mainly red and blue images surrounded bystayed popular into the beginning of the 20th century,
white glass in order to allow as much light as possible.but today few glassmakers make it because of the
About 1100 AD, Theophilus, a monk, described how totoxic chemicals required.
make stained glass windows and his methods haveAfter W.W. 1, people were more interested in
hardly changed since.windows for neo-Gothic churches, and stained glass
It was in the Gothic period, starting in the 13th century,fell in popularity until painting became more abstract
that stained glass windows in churches really began toand expressionist after W.W. 2 which influenced many
blossom. Suger, the abbot of the Abbey of St Denis,artists to explore stained glass.
was the first to build his church in the Gothic design.During the last 30 years there has been an explosion
Gothic churches allowed for larger windows and theseof interest of interest in stained glass. It's gone far
were made out of stained glass; Abbot Suger believedbeyond its religious beginnings. You often see beautiful
that beautiful objects would lift men's souls closer tostained glass windows in homes, even less expensive
God. In the 15th century, stained glass began to beones, and businesses; in addition to church windows.
viewed more as a picture (with paler colors and largerMost craft shows have stained glass nightlights, lamps,
figures) and less of an experience of (God'sand/or other stained glass art objects. Although the
greatness)materials needed to make stained glass are
During the Renaissance, there was a new emphasisexpensive, it is a very rewarding hobby. There's one
on three-dimensional perspective. People consideredthing about stained glass that hasn't changed. Creating
medieval stained glass barbaric. Stained glassbeautiful stained glass still brings us closer to God.
windows became made of white glass which was