Santorini History of the Cycladic Islands

No one knows exactly when the Cyclades were firstearly processing and trading stations for obsidian from
inhabited. From obsidian finds in the 8th millenniumMilos.
stratum on Milos and in Frankthi Cave in HermioniObsidian, marble and emery were the raw materials
(Argolid Peninsula), we can conclude that the Cycladesused in the Cyclades to make both tools as well as
were already inhabited at that time.artworks. In general, the Cycladic peoples had limited
It is generally believed that the Phoenicians and theresources. This fact inspired them to utilize their
Carians inhabited the Cyclades during prehistoric times.ingenuity, to take advantage of what nature provided
Later, the islands came under the Minoan sphere ofand to expand into new activities such as tool-making,
influence.shipping and trade.
They were then re-inhabited by the Carians, and finallyTheir economy was probably mixed combining
colonized by the Ionians.farming, livestock raising, hunting and fishing, along with
The most ancient settlement found in the Cyclades isthe exploitation of local raw materials.
on Saliagos, a small islet between Paros and Antiparos.Cycladic potters developed a technique of painting
The settlement dates from the beginning of the latewhite designs on a dark back-ground. The pots, which
Neolithic period, c. 4300-3900 BC.are shaped like fruit bowls with a long leg, have white
The discovery in 1959 of surface traces of prehistoricdecoration on a dark back-ground. Most characteristic
habitation lead to excavations (1964-65), which wereof the Neolithic period are the schematic marble
conducted by the British School of Archeology Stonefigurines, the most famous of which is the so-called
figurines, anthropomorphic amulets, Milos pottery withFat Lady of Saliagos.
white decoration, and hundreds of obsidian tools,During the Bronze Age, Cycladic civilization produced
arrowheads and votive offerings were unearthed inworks of art that are unique in the Aegean region.
the excavations.Cycladic idols, carved from local white marble, are
A fortification wall with a turret surrounded theregarded as refined works of mature, sophisticated
settlement, which was made up of small residences.artists.
Archaeologists exposed three archaeological strataBy the early Bronze Age (3200-2200 BC) the
corresponding to three periods of habitation. EarliestCyclades had developed an advanced culture that had
known it is speculated that the settlement extendedextensive contact with the other player islands in the
into sections that are now underwater. Moreover, it isregion.
likely that during that era Saliagos was part ofShipping had expanded, elevating trade and commerce
Antiparos.to a primary position in the Cycladic economy and
The large quantity of obsidian chips found on Saliagossignificantly influencing social development and change
is conclusive evidence that the islet was one of thein the Aegean.