| For twelve centuries, the Roman Empire stood as the | | | | wounds, especially to the skull. Bone Levers were |
| greatest civilizations in history. Spanning from Rome, | | | | invented for use in levering bones into place that had |
| Italy across Europe and parts of Asia Minor, the | | | | been fractured, as well as removing teeth. It was the |
| Roman Empire saw both glory and suffering. Great | | | | ancient Romans, especially the doctor Soranus, the |
| wars were fought in the name of Rome and entire | | | | first gynecologist and obstetrician, that had created the |
| civilizations were conquered to ensure the glory of | | | | vaginal speculum, as well. However, their additions to |
| Rome stood unquestioned. However, the Romans | | | | the tools of today are not only medical. They also |
| techniques in battle and warfare were not what made | | | | designed incredible tools for metal crafting. |
| Rome great. The tools that they used to build their | | | | The ancient Romans were the first to perfect cast |
| empire, both for battle and for architecture, ventured | | | | metal and used that perfection to create the first cast |
| paths in history that will never be forgot. Their keen | | | | metal hammer head. This tool was then used for more |
| use of metals such as bronze and Iron, and even steel, | | | | complicated metal forging, like weapons and armor. |
| were unrivaled. It is fitting that today's world still uses | | | | They also created the lathe, using a lathing rod that |
| most of the tools designed and perfected by this | | | | was shaped from stone. It was turned using a system |
| ancient civilization, though, in some cases you would | | | | of gears and ropes that was powered using a treadle |
| hardly recognize them as ancient Roman tools. | | | | press. They also created the most efficient drilling |
| Today's medical achievements owe their existence to | | | | system. The Romans also used tools to pull wire that |
| ancient Roman tools. It was Rome and Greece that | | | | consisted of stone grates used to pull nearly-molten |
| open the world to "modern" medicine, as well as | | | | metal into wire. However, the ancient Roman tools |
| surgery. Our surgeons and doctors still use most of | | | | were also designed for versatility, like the scythe. In |
| the same ideas, teachings, philosophies and tools as | | | | fact, the scythe was the first consumer item that was |
| the ancient Romans. The scalpel is one of the greatest | | | | produced from cast metal. It was cast from bronze, |
| surgical tools ever created by an ancient civilization. It | | | | then iron, and again from black steel. Other ancient |
| was comprised, typically, of bronze or iron and mostly | | | | Roman tools included the navigational tool called a |
| came in two sizes. The larger of these were | | | | sextant, as well as counterweights used for sailing that |
| commonly used for long, or deep incisions, while the | | | | made it more simple to raise and lower the sails of |
| shorter scalpel was used for more fine detail surgeries. | | | | their ships. |
| The ancient Romans were also responsible for bone | | | | Despite these magnificent additions to the world, the |
| hooks, which were used for several purposes. The | | | | ancient Roman tool makers guarded the secrets of |
| blunted hooks were used as probes to assist with | | | | their craft and, when the Roman Empire fell, many of |
| dissections, as well as raising blood vessels. The sharp | | | | their tool designs disappeared along with them, leading |
| hooks were typically used for holding or lifting small | | | | into the era known as the Dark Ages. Since then, |
| flaps of tissue to be extracted, as well as retracting | | | | though, we have rebuilt the tools that helped build the |
| the edges of most injuries. | | | | glory of Rome, redesigning them to fit our modern |
| Also in surgery, the ancient Roman tools included bone | | | | times, and perfecting them. However, the shadows of |
| forceps for extracting fragments of bone from | | | | the ancient designs are still there. |