Venetian Plaster - Its History and Modern Use

Venetian plaster is enjoying a popular revival with thearchitecture. At the time, transporting sand around the
modern renaissance of Italian wall finishes. Theselagoon was difficult and expensive, there was also an
finishes while new to some, possess a lineage datingabundance of waste terra cotta from the brick
back thousands of years to the early civilizations ofindustry and recycling of old roof tiles. So plaster
Mesopotamia. Unrefined clay plasters were replacedrenders were made instead with ground terra cotta
with a mixture of raw lime and crushed limestone.and hydraulic lime to make a highly breathable surface
These plasters were sometimes painted with limewell suited to the damp atmosphere of the lagoon
paints or indeed used as a base for more elaboratearea.There was also a great deal of stone and marble
frescoes.waste, this was then ground, combined with lime to
From the remains of the Roman villas of Pompei andcreate fine plaster finishes or Marmorino. These were
other excavated buildings of the time, we can seeoften left white to mimic the stone of Istria (modern
how the use of these plasters had spread andday Croatia) which was favoured by Venetian builders,
changed. The Romans knew the benefits of usingor painted with frescoes to mimic more exotic marble.
burnt lime which was than was then slaked (properlyAnother favorable outcome for the sinking city, was
mixed with water) and then left to age so as tothat the weight of the Marmorino was considerably
improve workability. Much of their techniques has beenless than the classic Roman style of using slab pieces
learned from the writings of Marcus Vitruvius in "Deof stone or marble.
Architecture". Unearthed in the 15th century itInterest in Venetian plaster diminished from the late
documents the building and architectural practices of19th century until the more recently with their use by
Rome 1BC. Walls were plastered with 3 coats of arenown architect Carlo Scarpa in the 1950's, 60's and
sand and lime mixture followed by 3 coat of a fine70's. At the moment there is a worldwide resurgence
marble dust and lime mix to make a smooth polishedof Venetian plasters being used internally and
finish. Whilst the plaster was wet, colours were thenexternally on public buildings, new offices, shops, hotels,
introduced to provide a strong, easy to cleanand private residences. Whilst some plasters are now
decorative surface.made with synthetic acrylic resins. Many still hold true
It was the rediscovery of these practices that gaveto the original recipe of lime and marble powder, with
way to their widespread use in 15th century Venice.the inclusion of adhesives so as to be used on modern
The lagoon area of Venice had an abundance ofbuilding surfaces such as drywall.
wealth and a newly found appetite for classical