Why the Roman state came into conflict with Jews and Christians

There were many reasons why the Jews anddid they were to be put to death.
Christians came into conflict with the Roman state, At one stage the Romans attempted to erect
considering the Jews had rebelled against the Romanstandards and other statues in the Jewish temple and
state several times causing serious problems for thesurrounding Jerusalem, this was a contravention of
Roman state. The Jewish conflicts with the RomansJewish law and thus a small riot broke out. Jews from
were predominantly about Jewish customs and laws.all around the Roman empire would send money to
In Alexandria under the reign of Augustus, one sourceJerusalem which was called the temple tax, this tax
of tension between the Roman state and the Jewswas to be used for the upkeep of the temple,
was the laographia or poll tax. This tax was imposedhowever when the temple was destroyed by the
on all except the Greek citizen elite.  The Jews feltRomans in A.D 70, the Romans then demanded the
this tax was a statement that they were inferior.tax to paid to the Roman state to allow them to
Often there was unrest in the cities of the Romanpractice their Jewish religion, this resulted in further
Empire that had mixed Greeks and Jews this oftentensions and demonstrations.
ended up involving riots and other disturbances of theThe Jews were often rioting and causing trouble
peace. Under the emperor Gaius who was well knownbecause of their laws and religion which then resulted
for his dislike of the Jews that it came to the point thatin action taken by the Roman state and the regular
full scale rioting occurred. The Greeks and Jews oftenconflict between the Roman state and the Jews.
came into conflict and there were serious outbreaksThere were three major wars and revolts between
of trouble in A.D 66 and A.D 115.the Romans and the Jews that Josephus records, the
In a letter dated around A.D 41, Claudius writes to thefinal resulting in all Jews being banned from the city of
city of Alexandria where he blames the recent unrestJerusalem.
and riots on the Jews and he simply states that if theThe Christians came into conflict with the Roman state
conflict is not resolved then he will show the city whatfor various reasons but the most prominent reason
a benevolent ruler is like when he is turned to righteouswas the Christian teaching not to sacrifice to idols, this
anger. He then goes on to say that he pleads with theresulted in serious conflict with the Roman state
Alexandrians to behave gently and in a kindly mannerbecause the state was thought to have been
with the Jews. He also tells the Jews not to insinuateprotected by various state gods and rituals. Since the
themselves into the games presided over by theChristians refused to acknowledge the states gods,
Gymnasiarchs and Kosmetai, since they already enjoythen they were atheists and were seen as unpatriotic
the benefits of the city even though it is not their ownand to have a disregard for the welfare of the state.
city. He also advises the Jews not to bring more JewsThe state went to great lengths to ensure everyone
into the city from Syria or Egypt, which would bringsacrificed to the gods, many Christians refused and
more suspicion onto them and if they did he wouldthis resulted in many years of persecution and conflict
come against them as a plague.under various emperors.  The Christians believed the
Josephus also writes about an occasion that wasstate gods were not gods but demons and refused to
instigated by the Jews when they went in largesacrifice, this caused the state to inflict various
numbers to a Greek meeting in the amphitheatre. Thepunishments on the Christians.
Greeks responded as if they were spies and createdDuring the reign of Emperor Nero a large portion of the
a scene and grabbed three Jews to burn them alive,city of Rome was burnt down, and Nero needed a
however the whole community of Jews rose up andscapegoat. Nero knew that the pagans of Rome
started a riot, pelting the Greeks with rocks and thenwere not all that tolerant of the Christians so he
getting torches they went to the amphitheatreblamed them as the cause of the fire and the first
threatening to burn it down with all the Greeks in it.state legislated persecution broke out in the city of
Tiberius the Roman governor of the city had to getRome against the Christians. Tacitus records that the
involved and quell the Jews anger.Christians were not so much persecuted by Nero
Around A.D 115-117, during the reign of Trajan the Jewsbecause of the burning of the city but because of
rebelled and destroyed large amounts of area aroundhate for the human race. The Christians also formed a
Egypt, Cyrene and Cyprus. Eusebius writes that thecommunity with distinct customs and were rather
Jews rushed into a faction fight against their Greekcritical of Roman society specifically their morality.
neighbors as if seized by some terrible spirit of revolt.To make things worse the Christians claimed loyalty to
Then in the next year it ended up being a full scalethe church and that loyalty superseded any other
war which resulted in Lupus the governor of Egyptloyalties to the state. This created problems in the unity
fleeing to Alexandria and killing all the Jews of the city.of families when one was converted to Christianity.
During this time the Jews in the region of Cyrene wereThe Roman authorities were suspicious of anything
also revolting killing both Romans and Greeks and inthat looked like a secret society, especially if it was
Cyprus the Jews killed two hundred and fortylinked to an Asiatic religion, which they associated with
thousand people and because of this no Jew wasimmorality.
allowed to even go to the island of Cyprus and if they